ACE STUDY FINDINGS

Full Downloadable PDF Articles on Major ACE Study Findings

Commentary

Whitfield CL. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Trauma (editorial). American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1998;14:361–363.

Anda RF, Butchart A, Felitti VJ, Brown DW. Building a Framework for GlobalSurveillance of the Public Health: Implications of Adverse Childhood Experiences
Preventive Medicine, 2010: 39 (1)93-98

Anda RF, Brown DW. Root causes and organic budgeting: funding health from conception to the grave Editorial Pediatric Health (2007) 1(2), 141-143

Weiss JS, Wagner SH. What explains the negative consequences of adverse childhood experiences on adult health? Insights from cognitive and neuroscience research (editorial). American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1998;14:356–360.

Edwards, VJ, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Anda RF. It's OK to ask about past abuse. American Psychologist. 2007 62(4):327–328.

Overview

Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1998;14:245–258.

Felitti VJ, Anda RF; The Relationship of Adverse Childhood Experiences to Adult Health, Well-being, Social Function, and Healthcare : Lanius/Vermetten/Pain Cambridge University Press, 2010

Felitti VJ. The Relationship of Adverse Childhood Experiences to Adult Health; Turning Gold into Lead *English translation of: Felitti VJ. Belastungen in der Kindheit und Gesundheit im Erwachsenenalter: die Verwandlung von Gold in Blei. Z psychsom Med Psychother 2002; 48(4): 359-369.

Middlebrooks JS, Audage NC.The Effects of Childhood Stress on Health Across the Lifespan. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Anda R. The Health and Social Impact of Growing Up With Adverse Childhood Experiences The Human and Economic Costs of the Status Quo.

Chronic Disease

Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Dong M, Giles WH, Anda RF. The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Health Problems: Evidence from Four Birth Cohorts Dating Back to 1900. Preventive Medicine, 2003;37(3):268–277.

Dube SR, Cook ML, Edwards VJ. Health-Related Outcomes of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Texas 2002 Preventing Chronic Disease: Public Health Research, Practice, and Policy Volume 7: NO. 3 May2010

Autoimmune Disease

Dube SR, Fairweather D, Pearson WS, Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Croft JB. Cumulative childhood stress and autoimmune disease. Psychom Med. 2009;71, 243-250.

Health-Related Quality of Life

Corso, PS, Edwards, VJ, Fang, X, Mercy, JA.. Health-related quality of life among adults who experienced maltreatment during childhood. Am J Public Health, 2008;98:1094-1100.

Ischemic Heart Disease

Dong M, Giles WH, Felitti VJ, Dube, SR, Williams JE, Chapman DP, Anda RF. Insights into causal pathways for ischemic heart disease: Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. Circulation, 2004;110:1761–1766.

Liver Disease

Dong M, Anda RF, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Giles WH. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Self- reported Liver Disease: New Insights into a Causal Pathway. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2003;163:1949–1956.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Lung Cancer

Brown DW, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Edwards VJ, Malarcher AM, Croft JB, Giles WH. Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Lung Cancer. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:20.

Frequent Headaches

Anda RF, MS, Tietjen G, Schulman E, Felitti VJ, Croft J. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Frequent Headaches in Adults. Headache2010; 50: 1473-1481.

Early Death

Brown DW, Anda RF, Tiemeier H, Felitti VJ, Edwards VJ, Croft JB, Giles WH. Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Premature Mortality American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Volume xx, Number x

Health Risks

Alcohol Abuse

Anda RF, Whitfield CL, Felitti VJ, Chapman D, Edwards VJ, Dube SR, Williamson DF. Adverse childhood experiences, alcoholic parents, and later risk of alcoholism and depression. Psychiatric Services, 2002;53(8):1001–1009.

Felitti VJ. The Origins of Addiction: Evidence from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study English version of the article published in Germany as: Felitti VJ. Ursprünge des Suchtverhaltens – Evidenzen aus einer Studie zu belastenden Kindheitserfahrungen. Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 2003; 52:547-559.

Anda R. The Health and Social Impact of Growing Up With Alcohol Abuse
and Related Adverse Childhood Experiences: The Human and Economic Costs of the Status Quo

Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Croft JB, Edwards VJ, Giles WH. Growing up with Parental alcohol abuse: Exposure to Childhood Abuse, Neglect and Household Dysfunction. Child Abuse and Neglect, 2001;25(12):1627–1640.

Drug Abuse

Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Dong M, Chapman DP, Giles WH, Anda RF. Childhood Abuse, Neglect and Household Dysfunction and the Risk of Illicit Drug Use: The Adverse Childhood Experience Study. Pediatrics, 2003;111(3):564–572.

Obesity

Williamson DF, Thompson, TJ, Anda, RF,. Dietz, WH, Felitti VJ. Body Weight, Obesity, and Self-Reported Abuse in Childhood. International Journal of Obesity, 2002;26:1075–1082.

Felitti VJ. Letters to the Editor. The Permanente Journal/ Fall 2010/ Volume 14 No. 3

Felitti VJ, Jakstis K, Pepper V, Ray A. Obesity: Problem, Solution, or Both? The Permanente Journal/ Spring 2010/ Volume 14 No. 1

Sexual Risk Behavior

Hillis SD, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Marchbanks PA. Adverse childhood experiences and sexual risk behaviors in women: a retrospective cohort study. Family Planning Perspectives, 2001;33:206–211.

Smoking

Edwards, VJ, Anda RF, Gu D, Dube, S R, Felitti, VJ. Adverse childhood experiences and smoking persistence in adults with smoking-related symptoms and illness*. Permanente Journal 2007;11:5–7.

Anda RF, Croft JB, Felitti VJ, Nordenberg D, Giles WH, Williamson DF, Giovino GA. Adverse childhood experiences and smoking during adolescence and adulthood. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1999; 282:1652–1658.

Mental Health

Edwards VJ, Holden GW, Felitti VJ, Anda RF. Relationship Between Multiple Forms of Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Mental Health in Community Respondents: Results From the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study Am J Psychiatry 160:8, August 2003 1453- 1460

Cabrera OA, Hoge CW, Bliese PD, Castro CA, Messer SC. Childhood Adversity and Combat as Predictors of Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress in Deployed Troops Am J Prev Med 2007;33(2):77–82

Chapman DP, Dube SR, Anda RF. Adverse childhood events as risk factors for negative mental health outcomes. Psych Annals

Depression/Depressed Affect

Chapman DP, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Dube SR, Edwards VJ, Whitfield CL. Epidemiology of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depressive Disorders In a Large Health Maintenance Organization Population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2004;82:217–225.

Hallucinations

Whitfield CL, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Anda RF. Adverse childhood experiences and hallucinations. Child Abuse and Neglect. 2005;29(7):797-810.

Psychosis

Read J, Fink PJ, Rudegeair T, Felitti V, Whitfield CL. Child Maltreatment and Psychosis: A Return to a Genuinely Integrated Bio-Psycho-Social Model. Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses October 2008; 235-254.

Neurobiology

Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Walker J, Whitfield, CL, Bremner JD, Perry BD, Dube SR, Giles WH. The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood: a convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2006; 56(3):174–86.

Suicidality

Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Chapman D, Williamson DF, Giles WH. Childhood abuse, household dysfunction and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: Findings from Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. JAMA 2001;286:3089–3096.

Work Absenteeism

Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Fleisher VI, Edwards VJ, Whitfield CL, Dube SR, Williamson DF. Childhood Abuse, Household Dysfunction and Indicators of Impaired Worker Performance in Adulthood. The Permanente Journal, 2004;8(1):30–38.

Methodological Issues

Age Cohort Differences

Assessment of Mediating Pathways

Anda RF, Chapman DP, Felitti VJ, Edwards V, Williamson DF, Croft JP, Giles WH. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Paternity in Teen Pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2002;100(1):37–45.

Basis for Ace Score

Dong M, Anda RF, Felitti, VJ, Dube SR, Williamson DF, Thompson TJ, Loo CM. Giles WH. . The Interrelatedness of Multiple Forms of Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction. Child Abuse and Neglect, 2004;28(7):771–784.

Bias Assessment (under construction)

Consistency by Birth Cohort

Interrelation of ACEs

Dong M, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Duba SR, Williamson DF, Thompson TJ, Looa CM, Giles WH. The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse,neglect, and household dysfunction Child Abuse & Neglect 28 (2004) 771–784

Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1998;14:245–258.

Dong M, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Dube SR, Giles WH. The Relationship of Exposure to Childhood Sexual Abuse to Other Forms of Abuse, Neglect and Household Dysfunction during Childhood. Child Abuse and Neglect, 2003;27(6):625–639.

Severity Frequency of Violent Experience

Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Chapman DP, Croft JB, et al. Abused boys, battered mothers, and male involvement in teen pregnancy. Pediatrics, 2001;107(2):e19.

Test-Retest Reliability (under construction)

Reproductive Health/Sexual Behavior

Fetal Death

Hillis SD, Anda RF, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Marchbanks PA, Marks JS. The association between adverse childhood experiences and adolescent pregnancy, long-term psychosocial outcomes, and fetal death. Pediatrics. 2004; 113(2):320-327.

Promiscuity

Sexual Risk Behaviors in Women

Hillis SD, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Nordenberg D, Marchbanks PA. Adverse childhood experiences and sexual risk behaviors in women: a retrospective study. Family Planning Perspectives, 2001; 33:206-211

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Hillis SD, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Nordenberg D, Marchbanks PA. Adverse childhood experiences and sexually transmitted diseases in men and women: a retrospective study. Pediatrics, 2000;106(1):E11.

Teen Pregnancy

Anda RF, Chapman DP, Felitti VJ, Edwards V, Williamson DF, Croft JP, Giles WH. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk of Paternity in Teen Pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2002;100(1):37–45.

Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Chapman DP, Croft JB, et al. Abused boys, battered mothers, and male involvement in teen pregnancy. Pediatrics, 2001;107(2):e19.

Hillis SD, Anda RF, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Marchbanks PA, Macaluso M, Marks JS. TheProtective Effect of Family Strengths in Childhood against Adolescent Pregnancy and Its Long-Term Psychosocial Consequences. Permanente Journal 2010; 14: 18-27.

Unintended Pregnancy

Dietz PM, Spitz AM, Anda RF, Williamson DF, McMahon PM, Santelli JS, Nordenberg DF, Felitti VJ, Kendrick JS. Unintended pregnancy among adult women exposed to abuse or household dysfunction during their childhood. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1999;282:1359–1364.

Special Populations

Children of Alcoholics

Child Sexual Abuse Victims

Dube SR, Anda RF, Whitfield, CL, Brown DW, Felitti VJ, Dong M, Giles WH. Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse by Gender of Victim . American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2005;28:430–438.

Veterans

Cabrera OA, Hoge CW, Bliese PD, Castro CA, Messer SC. Childhood Adversity and Combat as Predictors of Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress in Deployed Troops Am J Prev Med 2007;33(2):77–82

Robinson R, Davis JD, Krueger M, Gore K, Freed MC, Kuesters P, Dube S, Engel CC. Acceptability of Adverse Childhood Experiences Questions for Health Surveillance in U.S. Armed Forces. Military Medicine. 2008; 173, 9:853

Victimization and Perpetration

Whitfield CL, Anda RF, Dube SR, Felitti VJ. Violent Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Intimate Partner Violence in Adults: Assessment in a Large Health Maintenance Organization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2003;18(2):166–185.

Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Edwards VJ, Williamson DF. Exposure to abuse, neglect and household dysfunction among adults who witnessed intimate partner violence as children. Violence and Victims, 2002:17(1):3–17.

Anda, RF, Felitti, VJ, Brown, DW, Chapman, D, Dong, M, Dube, SR, Edwards, VJ, Giles, WH. (2006) Insights Into Intimate Partner Violence From the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. In PR Salber and E Taliaferro, eds. The Physician's Guide to Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse, Volcano, CA: Volcano Press; 2006.

Other Health and Social Issues

Prescription Drug Use

Anda RF, Brown DW, Felitti VJ, Dube SR, Giles WH. Adverse childhood experiences and prescription drug use in a cohort study of adult HMO patients. BMC Public Health. 2008 Jun 4;8:198.

Residential Mobility

Dong M, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Williamson DF, Dube SR, Brown DW, Giles WH. Childhood residential mobility and multiple health risks during adolescence and adulthood: the hidden role of adverse childhood experiences. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine.2005;159:1104-1110.

Premature death of family members

Anda RF, Dong M, Brown DW, Felitti VJ, Giles WH, Perry GS, Edwards VJ, Dube SR. The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to a history of premature death of family members. BMC Public Health 2009; 9:106.

Homelessness

Hernmani DB, Slusser ES, Struleninig EL, Link BL. Adverse Childhood Experiences: Are They Risk Factors for Adult Homelessness? American Journal of Public Health February 1997, Vol. 87, No. 2

Reports

Anda RF, Brown DW Adverse Childhood Experiences and Population Health in Washington: The Face of a Chronic Public Health Disaster Results from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)July 2, 2010

Anda RF, Brown DW. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Population Health in Washington: The Face of a Chronic Public Health Disaster: Results from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Executive Summary and Selected Policy Excerpts. Prepared for the Washington State Family Policy Council. July 2, 2010

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